It is the simple story of a beautiful bond between two women where the daughter-in-law encourages her mother-in-law to go in for higher education and in turn the mother-in-law teaches her how to be a good human being. So the show is all about how they complement each other. Every other saas-bahu saga is about women bickering and fighting with each together. It is for the first time from our end to show that if they complement each other and get along then life can be so beautiful for the entire family. So apart from the message of education we are giving this core message that get along with your mother-in-law or daughter-in-law and make life happier for each other and all around. Unfortunately, I have not seen the play and just heard about it which was enough for me to like it. Also there is no book or short story or a DVD of the play and it is just a 2 hours play about Sharda.
Since we had to make it into a daily soap format my writers and the creative team developed the daughter-in-law's track and the other tracks so we get a younger girl's point of view about finding love after marriage because she finds herself in a loveless marriage. Arranged marriage don't happen with love so how she discovers love and happiness after marriage and how her mother-in-law guides her through her journey is the story. Was undoubtedly my first choice whereas for Shrada we were thinking of many actresses.
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I wanted a funky girl who didn't look like a bechari in the face of it and also knew her mind. As for Poonamji, we cannot get a prettier face than her and the image that she has of a simple woman and simple lady is to the character's advantage. We had a good rapport with her so it worked since she has acted in one of our film's too.
She has returned to TV in a show after 14 years and to convince her was not a task at all for us. It is an author backed role and there were many senior actresses who were trying to get in touch with me since they wanted to do it. However, it will be a big challenge to keep the show going and thus we definitely want to run away from the cliches. We are confident that we won't fall into the trap.
Our USP is the positivity between the mother-in-law and daughter-in-law. I believe that people want to see goodness too like in n people wanted to see the romance between Ram & Priya (Saakshi Tanwar) and wanted them to come together. So if viewers want to see Poonam & Krystle together they will watch it. Even if it's kitchen scene between them and it goes on for an entire episode it will be interesting since Sharda jo cheezen bolti hain they are good to listen to. Poonamji with her persona can create magic and I think if we are able to crack that magic we well be able to attract and keep the audience glued.
Nivi you're the best, not just telling it to impress you but truely from heart you are a wonderful person who is loved by all for what you are ❤️ There's noone that can replace you for your fans because you are a gem of a person and such a down to earth person!!! We all love you so much? Please continue to be the same because we just love the way you are and you will always be our favorite no matter what!
You truely have great friends like @birdybiker and I am so glad that they can keep you happy and you can keep smiling no matter what because of them and I love to see that happiness forver so please please please stay happy You can gift your fans in that way ❤️ All I pray is you stay happy forver and get success in whatever you do I love you and we always will ? @nivedithagowda @chandanshettyofficial @nivedithagowda.
Abstract Clin Microbiol Infect 2010; 16: 1036–1041 Abstract Sterilization with ethylene oxide (EO) and gas plasma (GP) are well-known methods applied to ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) surfaces in the belief that they prevent major material changes caused by gamma irradiation. However, the influence of these surface sterilization methods on bacterial adherence to UHMWPE is unknown. UHMWPE samples with various degrees of roughness (0.3, 0.8 and 2.0 μm) were sterilized with either GP or EO. The variations in hydrophobicity, surface free energy and surface functional groups were investigated before and after sterilization.
Sterilized samples were incubated with either Staphylococcus aureus or Staphylococcus epidermidis in order to study bacterial adherence to these materials. Fewer bacteria adhered to UHMWPE after sterilization with EO than after sterilization with GP, especially to the smoothest surfaces. No changes in chemical composition of the UHMWPE surface due to sterilization were observed using X-ray photoemission spectroscopy analysis. The decreased bacterial adherence to UHMWPE found at the smoothest surfaces after sterilization with EO was not directly related to changes in chemical composition. Increased bacterial adherence to rougher surfaces was associated with increased polar surface energy of EO-sterilized surfaces. Introduction Bacterial adhesion on implant surfaces is a major reason for implant-related sequelae and can eventually lead to implant removal.
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The adhesion process includes a series of physical and chemical interactions between the substratum and the microorganisms. The chemical composition of the substratum plays an important role in bacterial adhesion to medical devices. The physical properties of the biomaterial surface, such as roughness, hydrophobicity, surface energy, and electrostatic charge, also affect this process, especially in metallic materials. Inorganic material surfaces are hydrophilic, display high surface energy, and frequently carry negative charge, whereas polymers such as ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) are considered to be hydrophobic, with low surface energy and low electrostatic charge. Surface hydrophobicity basically facilitates the bacterial contact and leads to increased early bacterial adherence.
The hydrophilic character of metals does not affect adhesion of all bacteria, because of the involvement of specific extracellular polysaccharide adhesins. Staphylococcus aureus has been found to adhere more easily to metals, and Staphylococcus epidermidis more easily to polymers, such as UHMWPE. When the material surface free energy has been studied in more detail, it has been shown that the effect of free energy is bacterium-dependent. The polar part of the surface energy is of particular importance, because it can be related to the number of oxygen-based functional groups introduced into the surface during the manufacturing process and during sterilization, and eventually these functional groups will chemically bond to the bacteria. The ability of pathogens such as S. aureus and S. epidermidis to adhere to biomaterials has implications for implant survival.
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Besides the obvious differences among biomaterials concerning bacterial adhesion, their properties may change because of physical or chemical manipulation of the material surface during the manufacturing process and during sterilization. Sterilization with ethylene oxide (EO) has been the main procedure used for thermolabile materials such as polyethylene. However, many hospitals and manufacturers are currently avoiding this procedure, owing to toxic residuals and aeration requirements. The most popular alternative surface sterilization method today makes use of gas plasma (GP). The main advantages of this procedure are fast, convenient protocols and absence of toxicity.
The manufacturing process and subsequent changes occurring during the sterilization may have an influence on the susceptibility to bacterial adherence on UHMWPE. On the other hand, as one approach to provide an anti-adherent surface is to manipulate the surface hydrophobicity, charge or energy by chemical or physical treatments such as ionization , it would be interesting to determine the possible effect of surface sterilization on bacterial adherence. Thus, a double action of sterilization methods could be imagined: eradication of all living organisms from the material surface, and a change in the anti-adhesive surface properties of the material. The surface roughness can also influence bacterial adhesion, although this is not as evident in polymer materials. Surface energy, however, may be a more important determinant of adherence than surface roughness. As bacteria are negatively charged, a negatively charged substratum would repel bacteria.
In this study, we have investigated the influence of the two most frequently used surface sterilization methods applied to UHMWPE (EO and GP) on surface properties such as hydrophobicity and surface free energy, as well as on the adherence of the two most typical bacteria found in biomaterial infections ( S. aureus and S. epidermis). As a second aim, the effect of different degrees of UHMWPE surface roughness on bacterial adherence was also tested. Materials and Methods UHMWPE: roughness preparation and measurements The raw material used in this study was a ram extrusion rod, GUR 1050 (Perplas Medical, Bacup, Lancashire, UK). The UHMWPE rod was cut into disks 20 mm in diameter and 3 mm in thickness.
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Machining was performed using a computer-numerical control machine. The disks were ground and polished to obtain disks of different degrees of roughness (Ra = 0.3, 0.7 and 2.0 μm). The roughness Ra = 2.0 μm was achieved by grinding with 360 grit silicon carbide abrasive paper. When further grinding was performed with 600 and 800 grit papers, Ra = 0.8–0.7 μm was obtained, and when this was followed by grinding with 2500 grit paper, Ra = 0.3 μm was obtained. The polished substrates were cleaned with distilled water, and then with soap solution, distilled water and ethanol in an ultrasonic bath tank.
A vacuum chamber was used to dry the substrates. The samples were then measured for roughness using a confocal microscope, Sensofar P1 2300 (Sensofar, Barcelona, Spain).
The surface roughness measurements are presented in (a, Ra = 0.27 ± 0.03 μm; b, Ra = 0.80 ± 0.12 μm; c, Ra = 1.93 ± 0.15 μm). Water contact angle (WCA) of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene. The samples were untreated (UT), or treated with gas plasma (GP) or ethylene oxide (EO) sterilization (statistically significant difference indicated by asterisks).
EO-sterilized UHMWPE samples showed WCAs of 100 ± 6°, 116 ± 8° and 139 ± 5° in materials with a roughness of 0.3, 0.8 and 2.0 μm, respectively. In the case of GP-sterilized materials, the corresponding WCAs were 100 ± 6°, 101 ± 5°, and 124 ± 7°, respectively.
Total surface free energies (and the corresponding polar ( p) and non-polar ( d) components) of untreated and sterilized samples were evaluated from water and diiodomethane contact angle measurements, as described in. It is worth noting that, strictly speaking, contact angles and surface free energy are correlated through the Young equation only on smooth surfaces (mean roughness below 0.1 μm). Left: X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) survey spectra of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) before (untreated (UT)) and after ethylene oxide (EO) or gas plasma (GP) treatments.
Right: detail of the C 1s photoemitted spectra. No significant difference in the numbers of S. aureus or S. epidermidis bacteria adhering to GP-sterilized UHMWPE samples were observed ( c. 5500 CFU/mm 2, independently of the surface roughness). On the other hand, the adherence of both strains to EO-sterilized UHMWPE samples was significantly lower (between 3100 and 3900 CFU/mm 2) than to GP-sterilized samples, especially in the case of the smoothest surfaces.
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